Archaeopteryx lithographica ("ancient feather-wing") is the earliest and most primitive known avian, which lived during the late Jurassic around 155 to 151 million years ago in present-day Germany. Eight specimens of the species have found technically, seven actual specimens and one feather! It has a jaw with a full set of teeth, a rather flat sternum ("breast-bone"), a furcula ("wishbone"), gastralia ("belly ribs"), a long bony feathered tail, and three claws on its feathered wings. This "missing link" is a transitional fossil, with features clearly intermediate between those of modern reptiles and birds. Birds are dinosaurs, thus dinosaurs are not (technically) extinct: Support evolution, baby!
(I apologise for any inaccuracies, I sketched this from memory.)
Way cool! The sketchy quality of the graphite really adds to the sense of movement and soft feathers.
Archaeopteryx belonged to an offshoot group (preceeding the Enantiornithes) that did go extinct. Modern birds arose from a different lineage (the Neornithines). Still dinos, though!
But, taxonomists being who they are, that could change next week.
According to my research, most scientists have never placed the Archaeopteryx (along with the Confuciusornis) as part of the enantiornithes at all, but part of the neornithes.
Probably depends on which university your research comes out of. At my uni we say they aren't neos, but I'm sure other taxonomic groupings are used elsewhere. Give 'em five minutes and they'll put it in a new clade then ten minutes later they'll merge that clade with something random.
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